![]() ![]() A bacterium rod transformed with three plasmids-each expressing a high level of a unique fluorescent protein-and replated on agar, appears to reassign a random number of the three fluorescent plasmids to its daughter cell during cell division. Cotransformation of plasmids occurs by either CaCl 2 or by electroporation methods. coli bacteria readily accept multiple plasmids, resulting in widespread aclonality and reveal a complex pattern of colony development. Using low concentrations of several plasmids that encode different fluorescent proteins, under the same selective antibiotic, we show that E. Through this foundational work, it is widely taught that a typical transformation produces clonal bacterial colonies. ![]() During the dawn of molecular cloning of DNA in the 1980s, Hanahan described how the transformation of DNA plasmids into bacteria would allow for cloning of DNA fragments. The concept of DNA transfer between bacteria was put forth by Griffith in 1928. ![]()
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